Publications

Emily J MacKay, Bo Zhang, Joseph M Beaty, Katelyn A Devine, Vikas O’Reilly-Shah, Michael R Mathis, Wilson Y Szeto, Peter W Groeneveld, John G Augoustides (2025). Practice Pattern Variability in the Use of Pulmonary Arterial Catheters in Cardiac Surgery. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 39 (12), 3268-3276.

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Zhe Chen, Siyu Heng, Asa Tapley, Stephen De Rosa, Bo Zhang (2025). Determining vaccine responders in the presence of baseline immunity using single-cell assays and paired control samples. Biostatistics 26(1).

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Emily J. MacKay, Charlotte J. Talham, Wilson Y. Szeto, Chase R. Brown, John G. Augoustides, Nimesh D. Desai, Peter W. Groeneveld, Bo Zhang (2025). Surgical Volume and Outcomes of Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(10):e2540559.

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Nonhlanhla N. Mkhize, Bo Zhang, Caroline Brackett, Peter James Elyanu, Asa Tapley, Sufia Dadabhai, and others (2025). Neutralizing and binding antibodies are a correlate of risk of COVID-19 in the CoVPN 3008 study in people with HIV. Nature Communications 16, 8876.

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Katerina Dorovini-Zis, Hong Li, Zhe Chen, Bo Zhang, Dylan Small, Terrie E Taylor (2025). Mapping the expression of endothelial adhesion receptors for Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in fatal cerebral malaria in Malawian children. Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, nlaf104.

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Ethan Ashby, Holly Janes, Dean Follmann, Peter B. Gilbert, Honghong Zhou, Xiaowei Wang, Bethany Girard, Frances Priddy, James G. Kublin, Lawrence Corey, Kathleen M Neuzil, Lindsey R Baden, Hana M El Sahly, Bo Zhang (2025). Validating and leveraging non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection as a negative control outcome in a phase 3 COVID-19 vaccine trial with extended observational follow-up. American Journal of Epidemiology (in press).

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Pamela Mda, Kathryn Mngadi, Bo Zhang, Randy Burnham, and others (2025). Pregnancy and contraceptive use among participants of childbearing potential in the HVTN 705 HIV vaccine trial in Southern Africa. Frontiers in Reproductive Health 7, 1565933.

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Zhe Chen, Min Haeng Cho, Bo Zhang (2025). Manipulating an Instrumental Variable in an Observational Study of Premature Babies: Design, Bounds, and Inference. Journal of the American Statistical Association (in press).

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Mrinmayee Takle, Alexander Andrews, Brittany A Riggle, Tesfaye Zelleke, Dana Harrar, Jiahui Zhang, Bo Zhang, Kyle J Wilson, Nicholas AV Beare, Terrie E Taylor, Karl B Seydel, Stephen Ray, Douglas G Postels (2025). Using Electroencephalography to Assess Coma Etiology in Children with Retinopathy-Negative Cerebral Malaria. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 113 (4), 809-816.

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Ethan Ashby, Bo Zhang, Genevieve G Fouda, Youyi Fong, Holly Janes (2025). Negative Control Outcome Adjustment in Early-Phase Randomized Trials: Estimating Vaccine Effects on Immune Responses in HIV Exposed Uninfected Infants. Statistics in Medicine 44 (13-14), e70142.

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Ting Ye, Qijia He, Shuxiao Chen, Bo Zhang (2025). Role of placebo samples in observational studies. Journal of Causal Inference 13 (1), 20230020.

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Nigel Garrett, Asa Tapley, Aaron Hudson, Sufia Dadabhai, Bo Zhang, Nyaradzo M. Mgodi, and others (2025). Hybrid versus vaccine immunity of mRNA-1273 among people living with HIV in East and Southern Africa: a prospective cohort analysis from the multicentre CoVPN 3008 (Ubuntu) study. EClinicalMedicine 80.

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Bo Zhang, Youyi Fong, Lauren Dang, Jonathan Fintzi, Shiyu Chen, Jing Wang, Nadine G Rouphael, Angela R Branche, David J Diemert, Ann R Falsey, Daniel S Graciaa, Lindsey R Baden, Sharon E Frey, Jennifer A Whitaker, Susan J Little, Satoshi Kamidani, Emmanuel B Walter, Richard M Novak, Richard Rupp, Lisa A Jackson, Chenchen Yu, Craig A Magaret, Cindy Molitor, Bhavesh Borate, Sydney Busch, David Benkeser, Antonia Netzl, Derek J Smith, Tara M Babu, Angelica C Kottkamp, Anne F Luetkemeyer, Lilly C Immergluck, Rachel M Presti, Martín Bäcker, Patricia L Winokur, Siham M Mahgoub, Paul A Goepfert, Dahlene N Fusco, Robert L Atmar, Christine M Posavad, Jinjian Mu, Mat Makowski, Mamodikoe K Makhene, Seema U Nayak, Paul C Roberts, Peter B Gilbert, Dean Follmann, Coronavirus Variant Immunologic Landscape Trial (COVAIL) Study Team (2025). Neutralizing antibody immune correlates in COVAIL trial recipients of an mRNA second COVID-19 vaccine boost. Nature Communications 16, 759.

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Chang Chen, Jiayao Zhang, Ting Ye, Dan Roth, Bo Zhang (2024). Causal inference with textual data: A quasi-experimental design assessing the association between author metadata and acceptance among ICLR submissions from 2017 to 2022. Journal of Causal Inference 12 (1), 20230052.

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Youyi Fong, Lauren Dang, Bo Zhang, Jonathan Fintzi, Shiyu Chen, Jing Wang, Nadine G Rouphael, Angela R Branche, David J Diemert, Ann R Falsey, Cecilia Losada, Lindsey R Baden, Sharon E Frey, Jennifer A Whitaker, Susan J Little, Satoshi Kamidani, Emmanuel B Walter, Richard M Novak, Richard Rupp, Lisa A Jackson, Chenchen Yu, Craig A Magaret, Cindy Molitor, Bhavesh Borate, Tara M Babu, Angelica C Kottkamp, Anne F Luetkemeyer, Lilly C Immergluck, Rachel M Presti, Martín Bäcker, Patricia L Winokur, Siham M Mahgoub, Paul A Goepfert, Dahlene N Fusco, Robert L Atmar, Christine M Posavad, Jinjian Mu, Mat Makowski, Mamodikoe K Makhene, Seema U Nayak, Paul C Roberts, Dean Follmann, Peter B Gilbert, Coronavirus Variant Immunologic Landscape Trial (COVAIL) Study Team (2024). Neutralizing Antibody Immune Correlates for a Recombinant Protein Vaccine in the COVAIL Trial. Clinical Infectious Diseases 80 (1), 223-227.

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Bo Zhang, Youyi Fong, Jonathan Fintzi, Eric Chu, Holly E Janes, Avi Kenny, Marco Carone, David Benkeser, Lars WP van der Laan, Weiping Deng, Honghong Zhou, Xiaowei Wang, Yiwen Lu, Chenchen Yu, Bhavesh Borate, Haiyan Chen, Isabel Reeder, Lindsay N Carpp, Christopher R Houchens, Karen Martins, Lakshmi Jayashankar, Chuong Huynh, Carl J Fichtenbaum, Spyros Kalams, Cynthia L Gay, Michele P Andrasik, James G Kublin, Lawrence Corey, Kathleen M Neuzil, Frances Priddy, Rituparna Das, Bethany Girard, Hana M El Sahly, Lindsey R Baden, Thomas Jones, Ruben O Donis, Richard A Koup, Peter B Gilbert, Dean Follmann, United States Government (USG) COVID-19 Immune Assays Team, Moderna, Inc. Team, Coronavirus Vaccine Prevention Network (CoVPN)/Coronavirus Efficacy (COVE) Team, USG/CoVPN Biostatistics Team On behalf of the United States Government (USG) COVID-19 Immune Assays Team (2024). Omicron COVID-19 immune correlates analysis of a third dose of mRNA-1273 in the COVE trial. Nature Communications 15, 7954.

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Zhe Chen, Xinran Li, Bo Zhang (2024). The role of randomization inference in unraveling individual treatment effects in early phase vaccine trials. Statistical Communications in Infectious Diseases 16 (1).

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Milcent Chintsanya, Charlotte Talham, Bo Zhang, Terrie E. Taylor, Karl B. Seydel (2024). Vital Sign alterations within 24 hours prior to death in children with retinopathy-positive Cerebral Malaria at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital Malawi . Malawi Medical Journal 36 (2), 128-133.

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Qijia He, Fei Gao, Oliver Dukes, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Bo Zhang (2024). Generalizing the intention-to-treat effect of an active control from historical placebo-controlled trials: A case study of the efficacy of daily oral TDF/FTC in the HPTN 084 study. Journal of the American Statistical Association 119(548), 2478-2492.

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Emily J. MacKay, Charlotte J. Talham, Bo Zhang, Chase R. Brown, Peter W. Groeneveld, Nimesh D. Desai, John G. Augoustides (2024). Testing clinical selection criteria for intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography in isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery. BJA open 10, 100278.

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Daniel B. Reeves, Bryan T. Mayer, Allan C. deCamp, Yunda Huang, Bo Zhang, et al (2023). High monoclonal neutralization titers reduced breakthrough HIV-1 viral loads in the Antibody Mediated Prevention trials. Nature Communications 14, 8299..

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Bo Zhang (2023). Efficient Algorithms for Building Representative Matched Pairs with Enhanced Generalizability. Biometrics 79(4), 3981-3997.

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Siyu Heng, Bo Zhang, Xu Han, Scott A. Lorch, Dylan S. Small (2023). Instrumental variables: To strengthen or not to strengthen?. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society 186(4), 852–873.

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Bo Zhang, Dylan S. Small, Karen B. Lasater, Matthew D. McHugh, Jeffrey H. Silber, Paul R. Rosenbaum (2023). Matching One Sample According to Two Criteria in Observational Studies. Journal of the American Statistical Association 118(542), 1140-1151..

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Bo Zhang, Michael G. Hudgens, M. Elizabeth Halloran (2023). Propensity Score in the Face of Interference: Discussion of Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983). Observational Studies, Volume 9, Issue 1.

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Alexuse M Saidi, Bo Zhang, Melody Jiang, Kondwani Kawaza, Janelisa Musaya, Terrie Taylor, Karl Seydel (2023). Differential Effects of Antimalarial Drugs on Parasite Clearance Rates Are Reflected by Plasmodium falciparum Ring Ratio. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 10 (7), ofad380.

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Emily J. MacKay, Bo Zhang, Ronak M. Shah, John G. Augoustides, Peter W. Groeneveld, Nimesh D. Desai (2023). Predictors of intraoperative echocardiography: analysis of the society of thoracic surgeons database. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 115(5), 1289-1295.

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Bo Zhang, Emily J. MacKay, Mike Baiocchi (2023). Statistical matching and subclassification with a continuous dose: characterization, algorithm, and application to a health outcomes study. Annals of Applied Statistics 17(1), 454-475.

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Shuxiao Chen, Bo Zhang (2023). Estimating and improving dynamic treatment regimes with a time-varying instrumental variable. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology 85(2), 427-453.

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Bo Zhang, Siyu Heng, Ting Ye, Dylan S. Small (2023). Social distancing and COVID-19: Randomization inference for a structured dose-response relationship. Annals of Applied Statistics 17(1), 23-46.

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Kan Chen, Siyu Heng, Qi Long, Bo Zhang (2023). Testing Biased Randomization Assumptions and Quantifying Imperfect Matching and Residual Confounding in Matched Observational Studies. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 32(2), 528-538.

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Emily J. MacKay, Bo Zhang, John G. Augoustides, Peter W. Groeneveld, Nimesh D. Desai (2022). Association of Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography and Clinical Outcomes After Open Cardiac Valve or Aortic Surgery. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(2):e2147820.

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Yuzhou Lin, Andrew Tebulo, Dylan S. Small, Karl B. Seydel, Terrie E. Taylor, Bo Zhang (2022). Using malarial retinopathy to improve the diagnosis of pediatric cerebral malaria. *American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene 108(1), 69.

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Bo Zhang, Yuzhou Lin, Dylan S. Small, Terrie E. Taylor, Nicole F. O'Brien (2022). Towards automation of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound data in pediatric cerebral malaria. Intelligence-Based Medicine (2022).

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Bo Zhang, Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen (2022). A semiparametric approach to model-based sensitivity analysis in observational studies. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) (just accepted).

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Emily J. MacKay, Bo Zhang, Mark D. Neuman, John G. Augoustides, Nimesh D. Desai, Peter W. Groeneveld (2022). Impact of Hospital Practice and Staffing Differences on Transesophageal Echocardiography Use in Cardiac Valve or Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 36 (11), 4012-4021.

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Arabella Borgstein, Bo Zhang, Colin Lam, Montfort Bernard Gushu, Alice Wangui Liomba, Albert Malenga, Paul Pensulo, Andrew Tebulo, Dylan S. Small, Terrie Taylor, Karl Seydel (2022). Delayed presentation to hospital care is associated with sequelae but not mortality in children with cerebral malaria in Malawi. Malar J 21, 60 (2022).

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Bo Zhang, Jiayao Zhang (2022). Some Reflections on Drawing Causal Inference using Textual Data: Parallels Between Human Subjects and Organized Texts. First Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning (CLeaR).

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Emily J. MacKay, Bo Zhang, Siyu Heng, Ting Ye, Mark D. Neuman, John G. Augoustides, Jared W. Feinman, Nimesh D. Desai, Peter W. Groeneveld (2021). Association between Transesophageal Echocardiography and Clinical Outcomes after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 34(6), 571-581.

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Bo Zhang, Siyu Heng, Ting Ye, Emily J. MacKay (2021). Bridging preference-based instrumental variable studies and cluster-randomized encouragement experiments: Study design, noncompliance, and average cluster effect ratio. Biometrics (2021); 1-12.

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Hongming Pu, Bo Zhang (2021). Estimating optimal treatment rules with an instrumental variable: A partial identification learning approach. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology) 83.2 (2021): 318-345..

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Bo Zhang, Hongming Pu (2021). Discussion of Cui and Tchetgen Tchetgen (2020) and Qiu et al.(2020). Journal of the American Statistical Association 116.533 (2021): 196-199..

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Jeffrey Zhang, Bo Zhang, Dylan S. Small (2020). A method to aid statistical judgment on outliers: Comment on Hill's The Statistician in Medicine. Statistics in Medicine 40.1 (2021): 58-63..

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Bo Zhang, Dylan S. Small (2020). Number of Healthcare Workers Who Have Died of COVID-19. Epidemiology 31.6 (2020): e46..

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Bo Zhang, Dylan S. Small (2020). A calibrated sensitivity analysis for matched observational studies with application to the effect of second‐hand smoke exposure on blood lead levels in children. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics) 69(5)..

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Bo Zhang, Jordan Weiss, Dylan S. Small, Qingyuan Zhao (2020). Selecting and ranking individualized treatment rules with unmeasured confounding. Journal of the American Statistical Association 116.533 (2021): 295-308..

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Samuel Kampondeni, Karl B. Seydel, Bo Zhang, Dylan S. Small, Gretchen L. Birbeck, Collen A. Hammond, Cowles Chilingulo, Terrie E. Taylor, Michael J. Potchen (2020). Amount of brain edema correlates with neurologic recovery in pediatric cerebral malaria. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 39.4 (2020): 277-282..

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